CloudWatchApplicationSignals / Client / create_service_level_objective

create_service_level_objective#

CloudWatchApplicationSignals.Client.create_service_level_objective(**kwargs)#

Creates a service level objective (SLO), which can help you ensure that your critical business operations are meeting customer expectations. Use SLOs to set and track specific target levels for the reliability and availability of your applications and services. SLOs use service level indicators (SLIs) to calculate whether the application is performing at the level that you want.

Create an SLO to set a target for a service or operation’s availability or latency. CloudWatch measures this target frequently you can find whether it has been breached.

The target performance quality that is defined for an SLO is the attainment goal.

You can set SLO targets for your applications that are discovered by Application Signals, using critical metrics such as latency and availability. You can also set SLOs against any CloudWatch metric or math expression that produces a time series.

When you create an SLO, you specify whether it is a period-based SLO or a request-based SLO. Each type of SLO has a different way of evaluating your application’s performance against its attainment goal.

A period-based SLO uses defined periods of time within a specified total time interval. For each period of time, Application Signals determines whether the application met its goal. The attainment rate is calculated as the number of good periods/number of total periods. For example, for a period-based SLO, meeting an attainment goal of 99.9% means that within your interval, your application must meet its performance goal during at least 99.9% of the time periods.
A request-based SLO doesn’t use pre-defined periods of time. Instead, the SLO measures number of good requests/number of total requests during the interval. At any time, you can find the ratio of good requests to total requests for the interval up to the time stamp that you specify, and measure that ratio against the goal set in your SLO.

After you have created an SLO, you can retrieve error budget reports for it. An error budget is the amount of time or amount of requests that your application can be non-compliant with the SLO’s goal, and still have your application meet the goal.

For a period-based SLO, the error budget starts at a number defined by the highest number of periods that can fail to meet the threshold, while still meeting the overall goal. The remaining error budget decreases with every failed period that is recorded. The error budget within one interval can never increase. For example, an SLO with a threshold that 99.95% of requests must be completed under 2000ms every month translates to an error budget of 21.9 minutes of downtime per month.
For a request-based SLO, the remaining error budget is dynamic and can increase or decrease, depending on the ratio of good requests to total requests.

For more information about SLOs, see Service level objectives (SLOs).

When you perform a CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, Application Signals creates the AWSServiceRoleForCloudWatchApplicationSignals service-linked role, if it doesn’t already exist in your account. This service- linked role has the following permissions:

xray:GetServiceGraph
logs:StartQuery
logs:GetQueryResults
cloudwatch:GetMetricData
cloudwatch:ListMetrics
tag:GetResources
autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups

Request Syntax

response = client.create_service_level_objective(
    Name='string',
    Description='string',
    SliConfig={
        'SliMetricConfig': {
            'KeyAttributes': {
                'string': 'string'
            },
            'OperationName': 'string',
            'MetricType': 'LATENCY'|'AVAILABILITY',
            'Statistic': 'string',
            'PeriodSeconds': 123,
            'MetricDataQueries': [
                {
                    'Id': 'string',
                    'MetricStat': {
                        'Metric': {
                            'Namespace': 'string',
                            'MetricName': 'string',
                            'Dimensions': [
                                {
                                    'Name': 'string',
                                    'Value': 'string'
                                },
                            ]
                        },
                        'Period': 123,
                        'Stat': 'string',
                        'Unit': 'Microseconds'|'Milliseconds'|'Seconds'|'Bytes'|'Kilobytes'|'Megabytes'|'Gigabytes'|'Terabytes'|'Bits'|'Kilobits'|'Megabits'|'Gigabits'|'Terabits'|'Percent'|'Count'|'Bytes/Second'|'Kilobytes/Second'|'Megabytes/Second'|'Gigabytes/Second'|'Terabytes/Second'|'Bits/Second'|'Kilobits/Second'|'Megabits/Second'|'Gigabits/Second'|'Terabits/Second'|'Count/Second'|'None'
                    },
                    'Expression': 'string',
                    'Label': 'string',
                    'ReturnData': True|False,
                    'Period': 123,
                    'AccountId': 'string'
                },
            ]
        },
        'MetricThreshold': 123.0,
        'ComparisonOperator': 'GreaterThanOrEqualTo'|'GreaterThan'|'LessThan'|'LessThanOrEqualTo'
    },
    RequestBasedSliConfig={
        'RequestBasedSliMetricConfig': {
            'KeyAttributes': {
                'string': 'string'
            },
            'OperationName': 'string',
            'MetricType': 'LATENCY'|'AVAILABILITY',
            'TotalRequestCountMetric': [
                {
                    'Id': 'string',
                    'MetricStat': {
                        'Metric': {
                            'Namespace': 'string',
                            'MetricName': 'string',
                            'Dimensions': [
                                {
                                    'Name': 'string',
                                    'Value': 'string'
                                },
                            ]
                        },
                        'Period': 123,
                        'Stat': 'string',
                        'Unit': 'Microseconds'|'Milliseconds'|'Seconds'|'Bytes'|'Kilobytes'|'Megabytes'|'Gigabytes'|'Terabytes'|'Bits'|'Kilobits'|'Megabits'|'Gigabits'|'Terabits'|'Percent'|'Count'|'Bytes/Second'|'Kilobytes/Second'|'Megabytes/Second'|'Gigabytes/Second'|'Terabytes/Second'|'Bits/Second'|'Kilobits/Second'|'Megabits/Second'|'Gigabits/Second'|'Terabits/Second'|'Count/Second'|'None'
                    },
                    'Expression': 'string',
                    'Label': 'string',
                    'ReturnData': True|False,
                    'Period': 123,
                    'AccountId': 'string'
                },
            ],
            'MonitoredRequestCountMetric': {
                'GoodCountMetric': [
                    {
                        'Id': 'string',
                        'MetricStat': {
                            'Metric': {
                                'Namespace': 'string',
                                'MetricName': 'string',
                                'Dimensions': [
                                    {
                                        'Name': 'string',
                                        'Value': 'string'
                                    },
                                ]
                            },
                            'Period': 123,
                            'Stat': 'string',
                            'Unit': 'Microseconds'|'Milliseconds'|'Seconds'|'Bytes'|'Kilobytes'|'Megabytes'|'Gigabytes'|'Terabytes'|'Bits'|'Kilobits'|'Megabits'|'Gigabits'|'Terabits'|'Percent'|'Count'|'Bytes/Second'|'Kilobytes/Second'|'Megabytes/Second'|'Gigabytes/Second'|'Terabytes/Second'|'Bits/Second'|'Kilobits/Second'|'Megabits/Second'|'Gigabits/Second'|'Terabits/Second'|'Count/Second'|'None'
                        },
                        'Expression': 'string',
                        'Label': 'string',
                        'ReturnData': True|False,
                        'Period': 123,
                        'AccountId': 'string'
                    },
                ],
                'BadCountMetric': [
                    {
                        'Id': 'string',
                        'MetricStat': {
                            'Metric': {
                                'Namespace': 'string',
                                'MetricName': 'string',
                                'Dimensions': [
                                    {
                                        'Name': 'string',
                                        'Value': 'string'
                                    },
                                ]
                            },
                            'Period': 123,
                            'Stat': 'string',
                            'Unit': 'Microseconds'|'Milliseconds'|'Seconds'|'Bytes'|'Kilobytes'|'Megabytes'|'Gigabytes'|'Terabytes'|'Bits'|'Kilobits'|'Megabits'|'Gigabits'|'Terabits'|'Percent'|'Count'|'Bytes/Second'|'Kilobytes/Second'|'Megabytes/Second'|'Gigabytes/Second'|'Terabytes/Second'|'Bits/Second'|'Kilobits/Second'|'Megabits/Second'|'Gigabits/Second'|'Terabits/Second'|'Count/Second'|'None'
                        },
                        'Expression': 'string',
                        'Label': 'string',
                        'ReturnData': True|False,
                        'Period': 123,
                        'AccountId': 'string'
                    },
                ]
            }
        },
        'MetricThreshold': 123.0,
        'ComparisonOperator': 'GreaterThanOrEqualTo'|'GreaterThan'|'LessThan'|'LessThanOrEqualTo'
    },
    Goal={
        'Interval': {
            'RollingInterval': {
                'DurationUnit': 'MINUTE'|'HOUR'|'DAY'|'MONTH',
                'Duration': 123
            },
            'CalendarInterval': {
                'StartTime': datetime(2015, 1, 1),
                'DurationUnit': 'MINUTE'|'HOUR'|'DAY'|'MONTH',
                'Duration': 123
            }
        },
        'AttainmentGoal': 123.0,
        'WarningThreshold': 123.0
    },
    Tags=[
        {
            'Key': 'string',
            'Value': 'string'
        },
    ],
    BurnRateConfigurations=[
        {
            'LookBackWindowMinutes': 123
        },
    ]
)

Parameters:

Name (string) –
[REQUIRED]

A name for this SLO.
Description (string) – An optional description for this SLO.
SliConfig (dict) –
If this SLO is a period-based SLO, this structure defines the information about what performance metric this SLO will monitor.

You can’t specify both RequestBasedSliConfig and SliConfig in the same operation.
- SliMetricConfig (dict) – [REQUIRED]
  
  Use this structure to specify the metric to be used for the SLO.
  - KeyAttributes (dict) –
    
    If this SLO is related to a metric collected by Application Signals, you must use this field to specify which service the SLO metric is related to. To do so, you must specify at least the Type, Name, and Environment attributes.
    
    This is a string-to-string map. It can include the following fields.
    - Type designates the type of object this is.
    - ResourceType specifies the type of the resource. This field is used only when the value of the Type field is Resource or AWS::Resource.
    - Name specifies the name of the object. This is used only if the value of the Type field is Service, RemoteService, or AWS::Service.
    - Identifier identifies the resource objects of this resource. This is used only if the value of the Type field is Resource or AWS::Resource.
    - Environment specifies the location where this object is hosted, or what it belongs to.
    - (string) –
      - (string) –
  - OperationName (string) –
    
    If the SLO is to monitor a specific operation of the service, use this field to specify the name of that operation.
  - MetricType (string) –
    
    If the SLO is to monitor either the LATENCY or AVAILABILITY metric that Application Signals collects, use this field to specify which of those metrics is used.
  - Statistic (string) –
    
    The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
  - PeriodSeconds (integer) –
    
    The number of seconds to use as the period for SLO evaluation. Your application’s performance is compared to the SLI during each period. For each period, the application is determined to have either achieved or not achieved the necessary performance.
  - MetricDataQueries (list) –
    
    If this SLO monitors a CloudWatch metric or the result of a CloudWatch metric math expression, use this structure to specify that metric or expression.
    - (dict) –
      
      Use this structure to define a metric or metric math expression that you want to use as for a service level objective.
      
      Each MetricDataQuery in the MetricDataQueries array specifies either a metric to retrieve, or a metric math expression to be performed on retrieved metrics. A single MetricDataQueries array can include as many as 20 MetricDataQuery structures in the array. The 20 structures can include as many as 10 structures that contain a MetricStat parameter to retrieve a metric, and as many as 10 structures that contain the Expression parameter to perform a math expression. Of those Expression structures, exactly one must have true as the value for ReturnData. The result of this expression used for the SLO.
      
      For more information about metric math expressions, see CloudWatchUse metric math.
      
      Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
      - Id (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        A short name used to tie this object to the results in the response. This Id must be unique within a MetricDataQueries array. If you are performing math expressions on this set of data, this name represents that data and can serve as a variable in the metric math expression. The valid characters are letters, numbers, and underscore. The first character must be a lowercase letter.
      - MetricStat (dict) –
        
        A metric to be used directly for the SLO, or to be used in the math expression that will be used for the SLO.
        
        Within one MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Metric (dict) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The metric to use as the service level indicator, including the metric name, namespace, and dimensions.
        
        Namespace (string) –
        
        The namespace of the metric. For more information, see Namespaces.
        
        MetricName (string) –
        
        The name of the metric to use.
        
        Dimensions (list) –
        
        An array of one or more dimensions to use to define the metric that you want to use. For more information, see Dimensions.
        
        (dict) –
        
        A dimension is a name/value pair that is part of the identity of a metric. Because dimensions are part of the unique identifier for a metric, whenever you add a unique name/value pair to one of your metrics, you are creating a new variation of that metric. For example, many Amazon EC2 metrics publish InstanceId as a dimension name, and the actual instance ID as the value for that dimension.
        
        You can assign up to 30 dimensions to a metric.
        
        Name (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The name of the dimension. Dimension names must contain only ASCII characters, must include at least one non-whitespace character, and cannot start with a colon ( :). ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension names.
        
        Value (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The value of the dimension. Dimension values must contain only ASCII characters and must include at least one non-whitespace character. ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension values.
        
        Period (integer) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The granularity, in seconds, to be used for the metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        Stat (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
        
        Unit (string) –
        
        If you omit Unit then all data that was collected with any unit is returned, along with the corresponding units that were specified when the data was reported to CloudWatch. If you specify a unit, the operation returns only data that was collected with that unit specified. If you specify a unit that does not match the data collected, the results of the operation are null. CloudWatch does not perform unit conversions.
      - Expression (string) –
        
        This field can contain a metric math expression to be performed on the other metrics that you are retrieving within this MetricDataQueries structure.
        
        A math expression can use the Id of the other metrics or queries to refer to those metrics, and can also use the Id of other expressions to use the result of those expressions. For more information about metric math expressions, see Metric Math Syntax and Functions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
      - Label (string) –
        
        A human-readable label for this metric or expression. This is especially useful if this is an expression, so that you know what the value represents. If the metric or expression is shown in a CloudWatch dashboard widget, the label is shown. If Label is omitted, CloudWatch generates a default.
        
        You can put dynamic expressions into a label, so that it is more descriptive. For more information, see Using Dynamic Labels.
      - ReturnData (boolean) –
        
        Use this only if you are using a metric math expression for the SLO. Specify true for ReturnData for only the one expression result to use as the alarm. For all other metrics and expressions in the same CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, specify ReturnData as false.
      - Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, of the returned data points for this metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        If the StartTime parameter specifies a time stamp that is greater than 3 hours ago, you must specify the period as follows or no data points in that time range is returned:
        
        Start time between 3 hours and 15 days ago - Use a multiple of 60 seconds (1 minute).
        
        Start time between 15 and 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
        
        Start time greater than 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 3600 seconds (1 hour).
      - AccountId (string) –
        
        The ID of the account where this metric is located. If you are performing this operation in a monitoring account, use this to specify which source account to retrieve this metric from.
- MetricThreshold (float) – [REQUIRED]
  
  This parameter is used only when a request-based SLO tracks the Latency metric. Specify the threshold value that the observed Latency metric values are to be compared to.
- ComparisonOperator (string) – [REQUIRED]
  
  The arithmetic operation to use when comparing the specified metric to the threshold.
RequestBasedSliConfig (dict) –
If this SLO is a request-based SLO, this structure defines the information about what performance metric this SLO will monitor.

You can’t specify both RequestBasedSliConfig and SliConfig in the same operation.
- RequestBasedSliMetricConfig (dict) – [REQUIRED]
  
  Use this structure to specify the metric to be used for the SLO.
  - KeyAttributes (dict) –
    
    If this SLO is related to a metric collected by Application Signals, you must use this field to specify which service the SLO metric is related to. To do so, you must specify at least the Type, Name, and Environment attributes.
    
    This is a string-to-string map. It can include the following fields.
    - Type designates the type of object this is.
    - ResourceType specifies the type of the resource. This field is used only when the value of the Type field is Resource or AWS::Resource.
    - Name specifies the name of the object. This is used only if the value of the Type field is Service, RemoteService, or AWS::Service.
    - Identifier identifies the resource objects of this resource. This is used only if the value of the Type field is Resource or AWS::Resource.
    - Environment specifies the location where this object is hosted, or what it belongs to.
    - (string) –
      - (string) –
  - OperationName (string) –
    
    If the SLO is to monitor a specific operation of the service, use this field to specify the name of that operation.
  - MetricType (string) –
    
    If the SLO is to monitor either the LATENCY or AVAILABILITY metric that Application Signals collects, use this field to specify which of those metrics is used.
  - TotalRequestCountMetric (list) –
    
    Use this structure to define the metric that you want to use as the “total requests” number for a request-based SLO. This result will be divided by the “good request” or “bad request” value defined in MonitoredRequestCountMetric.
    - (dict) –
      
      Use this structure to define a metric or metric math expression that you want to use as for a service level objective.
      
      Each MetricDataQuery in the MetricDataQueries array specifies either a metric to retrieve, or a metric math expression to be performed on retrieved metrics. A single MetricDataQueries array can include as many as 20 MetricDataQuery structures in the array. The 20 structures can include as many as 10 structures that contain a MetricStat parameter to retrieve a metric, and as many as 10 structures that contain the Expression parameter to perform a math expression. Of those Expression structures, exactly one must have true as the value for ReturnData. The result of this expression used for the SLO.
      
      For more information about metric math expressions, see CloudWatchUse metric math.
      
      Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
      - Id (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        A short name used to tie this object to the results in the response. This Id must be unique within a MetricDataQueries array. If you are performing math expressions on this set of data, this name represents that data and can serve as a variable in the metric math expression. The valid characters are letters, numbers, and underscore. The first character must be a lowercase letter.
      - MetricStat (dict) –
        
        A metric to be used directly for the SLO, or to be used in the math expression that will be used for the SLO.
        
        Within one MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Metric (dict) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The metric to use as the service level indicator, including the metric name, namespace, and dimensions.
        
        Namespace (string) –
        
        The namespace of the metric. For more information, see Namespaces.
        
        MetricName (string) –
        
        The name of the metric to use.
        
        Dimensions (list) –
        
        An array of one or more dimensions to use to define the metric that you want to use. For more information, see Dimensions.
        
        (dict) –
        
        A dimension is a name/value pair that is part of the identity of a metric. Because dimensions are part of the unique identifier for a metric, whenever you add a unique name/value pair to one of your metrics, you are creating a new variation of that metric. For example, many Amazon EC2 metrics publish InstanceId as a dimension name, and the actual instance ID as the value for that dimension.
        
        You can assign up to 30 dimensions to a metric.
        
        Name (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The name of the dimension. Dimension names must contain only ASCII characters, must include at least one non-whitespace character, and cannot start with a colon ( :). ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension names.
        
        Value (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The value of the dimension. Dimension values must contain only ASCII characters and must include at least one non-whitespace character. ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension values.
        
        Period (integer) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The granularity, in seconds, to be used for the metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        Stat (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
        
        Unit (string) –
        
        If you omit Unit then all data that was collected with any unit is returned, along with the corresponding units that were specified when the data was reported to CloudWatch. If you specify a unit, the operation returns only data that was collected with that unit specified. If you specify a unit that does not match the data collected, the results of the operation are null. CloudWatch does not perform unit conversions.
      - Expression (string) –
        
        This field can contain a metric math expression to be performed on the other metrics that you are retrieving within this MetricDataQueries structure.
        
        A math expression can use the Id of the other metrics or queries to refer to those metrics, and can also use the Id of other expressions to use the result of those expressions. For more information about metric math expressions, see Metric Math Syntax and Functions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
      - Label (string) –
        
        A human-readable label for this metric or expression. This is especially useful if this is an expression, so that you know what the value represents. If the metric or expression is shown in a CloudWatch dashboard widget, the label is shown. If Label is omitted, CloudWatch generates a default.
        
        You can put dynamic expressions into a label, so that it is more descriptive. For more information, see Using Dynamic Labels.
      - ReturnData (boolean) –
        
        Use this only if you are using a metric math expression for the SLO. Specify true for ReturnData for only the one expression result to use as the alarm. For all other metrics and expressions in the same CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, specify ReturnData as false.
      - Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, of the returned data points for this metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        If the StartTime parameter specifies a time stamp that is greater than 3 hours ago, you must specify the period as follows or no data points in that time range is returned:
        
        Start time between 3 hours and 15 days ago - Use a multiple of 60 seconds (1 minute).
        
        Start time between 15 and 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
        
        Start time greater than 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 3600 seconds (1 hour).
      - AccountId (string) –
        
        The ID of the account where this metric is located. If you are performing this operation in a monitoring account, use this to specify which source account to retrieve this metric from.
  - MonitoredRequestCountMetric (dict) –
    
    Use this structure to define the metric that you want to use as the “good request” or “bad request” value for a request-based SLO. This value observed for the metric defined in TotalRequestCountMetric will be divided by the number found for MonitoredRequestCountMetric to determine the percentage of successful requests that this SLO tracks.
    
    Note
    This is a Tagged Union structure. Only one of the following top level keys can be set: GoodCountMetric, BadCountMetric.
    - GoodCountMetric (list) –
      
      If you want to count “good requests” to determine the percentage of successful requests for this request-based SLO, specify the metric to use as “good requests” in this structure.
      - (dict) –
        
        Use this structure to define a metric or metric math expression that you want to use as for a service level objective.
        
        Each MetricDataQuery in the MetricDataQueries array specifies either a metric to retrieve, or a metric math expression to be performed on retrieved metrics. A single MetricDataQueries array can include as many as 20 MetricDataQuery structures in the array. The 20 structures can include as many as 10 structures that contain a MetricStat parameter to retrieve a metric, and as many as 10 structures that contain the Expression parameter to perform a math expression. Of those Expression structures, exactly one must have true as the value for ReturnData. The result of this expression used for the SLO.
        
        For more information about metric math expressions, see CloudWatchUse metric math.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Id (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        A short name used to tie this object to the results in the response. This Id must be unique within a MetricDataQueries array. If you are performing math expressions on this set of data, this name represents that data and can serve as a variable in the metric math expression. The valid characters are letters, numbers, and underscore. The first character must be a lowercase letter.
        
        MetricStat (dict) –
        
        A metric to be used directly for the SLO, or to be used in the math expression that will be used for the SLO.
        
        Within one MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Metric (dict) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The metric to use as the service level indicator, including the metric name, namespace, and dimensions.
        
        Namespace (string) –
        
        The namespace of the metric. For more information, see Namespaces.
        
        MetricName (string) –
        
        The name of the metric to use.
        
        Dimensions (list) –
        
        An array of one or more dimensions to use to define the metric that you want to use. For more information, see Dimensions.
        
        (dict) –
        
        A dimension is a name/value pair that is part of the identity of a metric. Because dimensions are part of the unique identifier for a metric, whenever you add a unique name/value pair to one of your metrics, you are creating a new variation of that metric. For example, many Amazon EC2 metrics publish InstanceId as a dimension name, and the actual instance ID as the value for that dimension.
        
        You can assign up to 30 dimensions to a metric.
        
        Name (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The name of the dimension. Dimension names must contain only ASCII characters, must include at least one non-whitespace character, and cannot start with a colon ( :). ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension names.
        
        Value (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The value of the dimension. Dimension values must contain only ASCII characters and must include at least one non-whitespace character. ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension values.
        
        Period (integer) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The granularity, in seconds, to be used for the metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        Stat (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
        
        Unit (string) –
        
        If you omit Unit then all data that was collected with any unit is returned, along with the corresponding units that were specified when the data was reported to CloudWatch. If you specify a unit, the operation returns only data that was collected with that unit specified. If you specify a unit that does not match the data collected, the results of the operation are null. CloudWatch does not perform unit conversions.
        
        Expression (string) –
        
        This field can contain a metric math expression to be performed on the other metrics that you are retrieving within this MetricDataQueries structure.
        
        A math expression can use the Id of the other metrics or queries to refer to those metrics, and can also use the Id of other expressions to use the result of those expressions. For more information about metric math expressions, see Metric Math Syntax and Functions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Label (string) –
        
        A human-readable label for this metric or expression. This is especially useful if this is an expression, so that you know what the value represents. If the metric or expression is shown in a CloudWatch dashboard widget, the label is shown. If Label is omitted, CloudWatch generates a default.
        
        You can put dynamic expressions into a label, so that it is more descriptive. For more information, see Using Dynamic Labels.
        
        ReturnData (boolean) –
        
        Use this only if you are using a metric math expression for the SLO. Specify true for ReturnData for only the one expression result to use as the alarm. For all other metrics and expressions in the same CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, specify ReturnData as false.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, of the returned data points for this metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        If the StartTime parameter specifies a time stamp that is greater than 3 hours ago, you must specify the period as follows or no data points in that time range is returned:
        
        Start time between 3 hours and 15 days ago - Use a multiple of 60 seconds (1 minute).
        
        Start time between 15 and 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
        
        Start time greater than 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 3600 seconds (1 hour).
        
        AccountId (string) –
        
        The ID of the account where this metric is located. If you are performing this operation in a monitoring account, use this to specify which source account to retrieve this metric from.
    - BadCountMetric (list) –
      
      If you want to count “bad requests” to determine the percentage of successful requests for this request-based SLO, specify the metric to use as “bad requests” in this structure.
      - (dict) –
        
        Use this structure to define a metric or metric math expression that you want to use as for a service level objective.
        
        Each MetricDataQuery in the MetricDataQueries array specifies either a metric to retrieve, or a metric math expression to be performed on retrieved metrics. A single MetricDataQueries array can include as many as 20 MetricDataQuery structures in the array. The 20 structures can include as many as 10 structures that contain a MetricStat parameter to retrieve a metric, and as many as 10 structures that contain the Expression parameter to perform a math expression. Of those Expression structures, exactly one must have true as the value for ReturnData. The result of this expression used for the SLO.
        
        For more information about metric math expressions, see CloudWatchUse metric math.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Id (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        A short name used to tie this object to the results in the response. This Id must be unique within a MetricDataQueries array. If you are performing math expressions on this set of data, this name represents that data and can serve as a variable in the metric math expression. The valid characters are letters, numbers, and underscore. The first character must be a lowercase letter.
        
        MetricStat (dict) –
        
        A metric to be used directly for the SLO, or to be used in the math expression that will be used for the SLO.
        
        Within one MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Metric (dict) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The metric to use as the service level indicator, including the metric name, namespace, and dimensions.
        
        Namespace (string) –
        
        The namespace of the metric. For more information, see Namespaces.
        
        MetricName (string) –
        
        The name of the metric to use.
        
        Dimensions (list) –
        
        An array of one or more dimensions to use to define the metric that you want to use. For more information, see Dimensions.
        
        (dict) –
        
        A dimension is a name/value pair that is part of the identity of a metric. Because dimensions are part of the unique identifier for a metric, whenever you add a unique name/value pair to one of your metrics, you are creating a new variation of that metric. For example, many Amazon EC2 metrics publish InstanceId as a dimension name, and the actual instance ID as the value for that dimension.
        
        You can assign up to 30 dimensions to a metric.
        
        Name (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The name of the dimension. Dimension names must contain only ASCII characters, must include at least one non-whitespace character, and cannot start with a colon ( :). ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension names.
        
        Value (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The value of the dimension. Dimension values must contain only ASCII characters and must include at least one non-whitespace character. ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension values.
        
        Period (integer) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The granularity, in seconds, to be used for the metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        Stat (string) – [REQUIRED]
        
        The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
        
        Unit (string) –
        
        If you omit Unit then all data that was collected with any unit is returned, along with the corresponding units that were specified when the data was reported to CloudWatch. If you specify a unit, the operation returns only data that was collected with that unit specified. If you specify a unit that does not match the data collected, the results of the operation are null. CloudWatch does not perform unit conversions.
        
        Expression (string) –
        
        This field can contain a metric math expression to be performed on the other metrics that you are retrieving within this MetricDataQueries structure.
        
        A math expression can use the Id of the other metrics or queries to refer to those metrics, and can also use the Id of other expressions to use the result of those expressions. For more information about metric math expressions, see Metric Math Syntax and Functions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Label (string) –
        
        A human-readable label for this metric or expression. This is especially useful if this is an expression, so that you know what the value represents. If the metric or expression is shown in a CloudWatch dashboard widget, the label is shown. If Label is omitted, CloudWatch generates a default.
        
        You can put dynamic expressions into a label, so that it is more descriptive. For more information, see Using Dynamic Labels.
        
        ReturnData (boolean) –
        
        Use this only if you are using a metric math expression for the SLO. Specify true for ReturnData for only the one expression result to use as the alarm. For all other metrics and expressions in the same CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, specify ReturnData as false.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, of the returned data points for this metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        If the StartTime parameter specifies a time stamp that is greater than 3 hours ago, you must specify the period as follows or no data points in that time range is returned:
        
        Start time between 3 hours and 15 days ago - Use a multiple of 60 seconds (1 minute).
        
        Start time between 15 and 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
        
        Start time greater than 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 3600 seconds (1 hour).
        
        AccountId (string) –
        
        The ID of the account where this metric is located. If you are performing this operation in a monitoring account, use this to specify which source account to retrieve this metric from.
- MetricThreshold (float) –
  
  The value that the SLI metric is compared to. This parameter is required if this SLO is tracking the Latency metric.
- ComparisonOperator (string) –
  
  The arithmetic operation to use when comparing the specified metric to the threshold. This parameter is required if this SLO is tracking the Latency metric.
Goal (dict) –
This structure contains the attributes that determine the goal of the SLO.
- Interval (dict) –
  
  The time period used to evaluate the SLO. It can be either a calendar interval or rolling interval.
  
  If you omit this parameter, a rolling interval of 7 days is used.
  
  Note
  This is a Tagged Union structure. Only one of the following top level keys can be set: RollingInterval, CalendarInterval.
  - RollingInterval (dict) –
    
    If the interval is a rolling interval, this structure contains the interval specifications.
    - DurationUnit (string) – [REQUIRED]
      
      Specifies the rolling interval unit.
    - Duration (integer) – [REQUIRED]
      
      Specifies the duration of each rolling interval. For example, if Duration is 7 and DurationUnit is DAY, each rolling interval is seven days.
  - CalendarInterval (dict) –
    
    If the interval is a calendar interval, this structure contains the interval specifications.
    - StartTime (datetime) – [REQUIRED]
      
      The date and time when you want the first interval to start. Be sure to choose a time that configures the intervals the way that you want. For example, if you want weekly intervals starting on Mondays at 6 a.m., be sure to specify a start time that is a Monday at 6 a.m.
      
      When used in a raw HTTP Query API, it is formatted as be epoch time in seconds. For example: 1698778057
      
      As soon as one calendar interval ends, another automatically begins.
    - DurationUnit (string) – [REQUIRED]
      
      Specifies the calendar interval unit.
    - Duration (integer) – [REQUIRED]
      
      Specifies the duration of each calendar interval. For example, if Duration is 1 and DurationUnit is MONTH, each interval is one month, aligned with the calendar.
- AttainmentGoal (float) –
  
  The threshold that determines if the goal is being met.
  
  If this is a period-based SLO, the attainment goal is the percentage of good periods that meet the threshold requirements to the total periods within the interval. For example, an attainment goal of 99.9% means that within your interval, you are targeting 99.9% of the periods to be in healthy state.
  
  If this is a request-based SLO, the attainment goal is the percentage of requests that must be successful to meet the attainment goal.
  
  If you omit this parameter, 99 is used to represent 99% as the attainment goal.
- WarningThreshold (float) –
  
  The percentage of remaining budget over total budget that you want to get warnings for. If you omit this parameter, the default of 50.0 is used.
Tags (list) –
A list of key-value pairs to associate with the SLO. You can associate as many as 50 tags with an SLO. To be able to associate tags with the SLO when you create the SLO, you must have the cloudwatch:TagResource permission.

Tags can help you organize and categorize your resources. You can also use them to scope user permissions by granting a user permission to access or change only resources with certain tag values.
- (dict) –
  
  A key-value pair associated with a resource. Tags can help you organize and categorize your resources.
  - Key (string) – [REQUIRED]
    
    A string that you can use to assign a value. The combination of tag keys and values can help you organize and categorize your resources.
  - Value (string) – [REQUIRED]
    
    The value for the specified tag key.
BurnRateConfigurations (list) –
Use this array to create burn rates for this SLO. Each burn rate is a metric that indicates how fast the service is consuming the error budget, relative to the attainment goal of the SLO.
- (dict) –
  
  This object defines the length of the look-back window used to calculate one burn rate metric for this SLO. The burn rate measures how fast the service is consuming the error budget, relative to the attainment goal of the SLO. A burn rate of exactly 1 indicates that the SLO goal will be met exactly.
  
  For example, if you specify 60 as the number of minutes in the look-back window, the burn rate is calculated as the following:
  
  burn rate = error rate over the look-back window / (1 - attainment goal percentage)
  
  For more information about burn rates, see Calculate burn rates.
  - LookBackWindowMinutes (integer) – [REQUIRED]
    
    The number of minutes to use as the look-back window.

Return type:

dict

Returns:

Response Syntax

{
    'Slo': {
        'Arn': 'string',
        'Name': 'string',
        'Description': 'string',
        'CreatedTime': datetime(2015, 1, 1),
        'LastUpdatedTime': datetime(2015, 1, 1),
        'Sli': {
            'SliMetric': {
                'KeyAttributes': {
                    'string': 'string'
                },
                'OperationName': 'string',
                'MetricType': 'LATENCY'|'AVAILABILITY',
                'MetricDataQueries': [
                    {
                        'Id': 'string',
                        'MetricStat': {
                            'Metric': {
                                'Namespace': 'string',
                                'MetricName': 'string',
                                'Dimensions': [
                                    {
                                        'Name': 'string',
                                        'Value': 'string'
                                    },
                                ]
                            },
                            'Period': 123,
                            'Stat': 'string',
                            'Unit': 'Microseconds'|'Milliseconds'|'Seconds'|'Bytes'|'Kilobytes'|'Megabytes'|'Gigabytes'|'Terabytes'|'Bits'|'Kilobits'|'Megabits'|'Gigabits'|'Terabits'|'Percent'|'Count'|'Bytes/Second'|'Kilobytes/Second'|'Megabytes/Second'|'Gigabytes/Second'|'Terabytes/Second'|'Bits/Second'|'Kilobits/Second'|'Megabits/Second'|'Gigabits/Second'|'Terabits/Second'|'Count/Second'|'None'
                        },
                        'Expression': 'string',
                        'Label': 'string',
                        'ReturnData': True|False,
                        'Period': 123,
                        'AccountId': 'string'
                    },
                ]
            },
            'MetricThreshold': 123.0,
            'ComparisonOperator': 'GreaterThanOrEqualTo'|'GreaterThan'|'LessThan'|'LessThanOrEqualTo'
        },
        'RequestBasedSli': {
            'RequestBasedSliMetric': {
                'KeyAttributes': {
                    'string': 'string'
                },
                'OperationName': 'string',
                'MetricType': 'LATENCY'|'AVAILABILITY',
                'TotalRequestCountMetric': [
                    {
                        'Id': 'string',
                        'MetricStat': {
                            'Metric': {
                                'Namespace': 'string',
                                'MetricName': 'string',
                                'Dimensions': [
                                    {
                                        'Name': 'string',
                                        'Value': 'string'
                                    },
                                ]
                            },
                            'Period': 123,
                            'Stat': 'string',
                            'Unit': 'Microseconds'|'Milliseconds'|'Seconds'|'Bytes'|'Kilobytes'|'Megabytes'|'Gigabytes'|'Terabytes'|'Bits'|'Kilobits'|'Megabits'|'Gigabits'|'Terabits'|'Percent'|'Count'|'Bytes/Second'|'Kilobytes/Second'|'Megabytes/Second'|'Gigabytes/Second'|'Terabytes/Second'|'Bits/Second'|'Kilobits/Second'|'Megabits/Second'|'Gigabits/Second'|'Terabits/Second'|'Count/Second'|'None'
                        },
                        'Expression': 'string',
                        'Label': 'string',
                        'ReturnData': True|False,
                        'Period': 123,
                        'AccountId': 'string'
                    },
                ],
                'MonitoredRequestCountMetric': {
                    'GoodCountMetric': [
                        {
                            'Id': 'string',
                            'MetricStat': {
                                'Metric': {
                                    'Namespace': 'string',
                                    'MetricName': 'string',
                                    'Dimensions': [
                                        {
                                            'Name': 'string',
                                            'Value': 'string'
                                        },
                                    ]
                                },
                                'Period': 123,
                                'Stat': 'string',
                                'Unit': 'Microseconds'|'Milliseconds'|'Seconds'|'Bytes'|'Kilobytes'|'Megabytes'|'Gigabytes'|'Terabytes'|'Bits'|'Kilobits'|'Megabits'|'Gigabits'|'Terabits'|'Percent'|'Count'|'Bytes/Second'|'Kilobytes/Second'|'Megabytes/Second'|'Gigabytes/Second'|'Terabytes/Second'|'Bits/Second'|'Kilobits/Second'|'Megabits/Second'|'Gigabits/Second'|'Terabits/Second'|'Count/Second'|'None'
                            },
                            'Expression': 'string',
                            'Label': 'string',
                            'ReturnData': True|False,
                            'Period': 123,
                            'AccountId': 'string'
                        },
                    ],
                    'BadCountMetric': [
                        {
                            'Id': 'string',
                            'MetricStat': {
                                'Metric': {
                                    'Namespace': 'string',
                                    'MetricName': 'string',
                                    'Dimensions': [
                                        {
                                            'Name': 'string',
                                            'Value': 'string'
                                        },
                                    ]
                                },
                                'Period': 123,
                                'Stat': 'string',
                                'Unit': 'Microseconds'|'Milliseconds'|'Seconds'|'Bytes'|'Kilobytes'|'Megabytes'|'Gigabytes'|'Terabytes'|'Bits'|'Kilobits'|'Megabits'|'Gigabits'|'Terabits'|'Percent'|'Count'|'Bytes/Second'|'Kilobytes/Second'|'Megabytes/Second'|'Gigabytes/Second'|'Terabytes/Second'|'Bits/Second'|'Kilobits/Second'|'Megabits/Second'|'Gigabits/Second'|'Terabits/Second'|'Count/Second'|'None'
                            },
                            'Expression': 'string',
                            'Label': 'string',
                            'ReturnData': True|False,
                            'Period': 123,
                            'AccountId': 'string'
                        },
                    ]
                }
            },
            'MetricThreshold': 123.0,
            'ComparisonOperator': 'GreaterThanOrEqualTo'|'GreaterThan'|'LessThan'|'LessThanOrEqualTo'
        },
        'EvaluationType': 'PeriodBased'|'RequestBased',
        'Goal': {
            'Interval': {
                'RollingInterval': {
                    'DurationUnit': 'MINUTE'|'HOUR'|'DAY'|'MONTH',
                    'Duration': 123
                },
                'CalendarInterval': {
                    'StartTime': datetime(2015, 1, 1),
                    'DurationUnit': 'MINUTE'|'HOUR'|'DAY'|'MONTH',
                    'Duration': 123
                }
            },
            'AttainmentGoal': 123.0,
            'WarningThreshold': 123.0
        },
        'BurnRateConfigurations': [
            {
                'LookBackWindowMinutes': 123
            },
        ]
    }
}

Response Structure

(dict) –
- Slo (dict) –
  
  A structure that contains information about the SLO that you just created.
  - Arn (string) –
    
    The ARN of this SLO.
  - Name (string) –
    
    The name of this SLO.
  - Description (string) –
    
    The description that you created for this SLO.
  - CreatedTime (datetime) –
    
    The date and time that this SLO was created. When used in a raw HTTP Query API, it is formatted as yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss. For example, 2019-07-01T23:59:59.
  - LastUpdatedTime (datetime) –
    
    The time that this SLO was most recently updated. When used in a raw HTTP Query API, it is formatted as yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss. For example, 2019-07-01T23:59:59.
  - Sli (dict) –
    
    A structure containing information about the performance metric that this SLO monitors, if this is a period-based SLO.
    - SliMetric (dict) –
      
      A structure that contains information about the metric that the SLO monitors.
      - KeyAttributes (dict) –
        
        This is a string-to-string map that contains information about the type of object that this SLO is related to. It can include the following fields.
        
        Type designates the type of object that this SLO is related to.
        
        ResourceType specifies the type of the resource. This field is used only when the value of the Type field is Resource or AWS::Resource.
        
        Name specifies the name of the object. This is used only if the value of the Type field is Service, RemoteService, or AWS::Service.
        
        Identifier identifies the resource objects of this resource. This is used only if the value of the Type field is Resource or AWS::Resource.
        
        Environment specifies the location where this object is hosted, or what it belongs to.
        
        (string) –
        
        (string) –
      - OperationName (string) –
        
        If the SLO monitors a specific operation of the service, this field displays that operation name.
      - MetricType (string) –
        
        If the SLO monitors either the LATENCY or AVAILABILITY metric that Application Signals collects, this field displays which of those metrics is used.
      - MetricDataQueries (list) –
        
        If this SLO monitors a CloudWatch metric or the result of a CloudWatch metric math expression, this structure includes the information about that metric or expression.
        
        (dict) –
        
        Use this structure to define a metric or metric math expression that you want to use as for a service level objective.
        
        Each MetricDataQuery in the MetricDataQueries array specifies either a metric to retrieve, or a metric math expression to be performed on retrieved metrics. A single MetricDataQueries array can include as many as 20 MetricDataQuery structures in the array. The 20 structures can include as many as 10 structures that contain a MetricStat parameter to retrieve a metric, and as many as 10 structures that contain the Expression parameter to perform a math expression. Of those Expression structures, exactly one must have true as the value for ReturnData. The result of this expression used for the SLO.
        
        For more information about metric math expressions, see CloudWatchUse metric math.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Id (string) –
        
        A short name used to tie this object to the results in the response. This Id must be unique within a MetricDataQueries array. If you are performing math expressions on this set of data, this name represents that data and can serve as a variable in the metric math expression. The valid characters are letters, numbers, and underscore. The first character must be a lowercase letter.
        
        MetricStat (dict) –
        
        A metric to be used directly for the SLO, or to be used in the math expression that will be used for the SLO.
        
        Within one MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Metric (dict) –
        
        The metric to use as the service level indicator, including the metric name, namespace, and dimensions.
        
        Namespace (string) –
        
        The namespace of the metric. For more information, see Namespaces.
        
        MetricName (string) –
        
        The name of the metric to use.
        
        Dimensions (list) –
        
        An array of one or more dimensions to use to define the metric that you want to use. For more information, see Dimensions.
        
        (dict) –
        
        A dimension is a name/value pair that is part of the identity of a metric. Because dimensions are part of the unique identifier for a metric, whenever you add a unique name/value pair to one of your metrics, you are creating a new variation of that metric. For example, many Amazon EC2 metrics publish InstanceId as a dimension name, and the actual instance ID as the value for that dimension.
        
        You can assign up to 30 dimensions to a metric.
        
        Name (string) –
        
        The name of the dimension. Dimension names must contain only ASCII characters, must include at least one non-whitespace character, and cannot start with a colon ( :). ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension names.
        
        Value (string) –
        
        The value of the dimension. Dimension values must contain only ASCII characters and must include at least one non-whitespace character. ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension values.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, to be used for the metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        Stat (string) –
        
        The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
        
        Unit (string) –
        
        If you omit Unit then all data that was collected with any unit is returned, along with the corresponding units that were specified when the data was reported to CloudWatch. If you specify a unit, the operation returns only data that was collected with that unit specified. If you specify a unit that does not match the data collected, the results of the operation are null. CloudWatch does not perform unit conversions.
        
        Expression (string) –
        
        This field can contain a metric math expression to be performed on the other metrics that you are retrieving within this MetricDataQueries structure.
        
        A math expression can use the Id of the other metrics or queries to refer to those metrics, and can also use the Id of other expressions to use the result of those expressions. For more information about metric math expressions, see Metric Math Syntax and Functions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Label (string) –
        
        A human-readable label for this metric or expression. This is especially useful if this is an expression, so that you know what the value represents. If the metric or expression is shown in a CloudWatch dashboard widget, the label is shown. If Label is omitted, CloudWatch generates a default.
        
        You can put dynamic expressions into a label, so that it is more descriptive. For more information, see Using Dynamic Labels.
        
        ReturnData (boolean) –
        
        Use this only if you are using a metric math expression for the SLO. Specify true for ReturnData for only the one expression result to use as the alarm. For all other metrics and expressions in the same CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, specify ReturnData as false.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, of the returned data points for this metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        If the StartTime parameter specifies a time stamp that is greater than 3 hours ago, you must specify the period as follows or no data points in that time range is returned:
        
        Start time between 3 hours and 15 days ago - Use a multiple of 60 seconds (1 minute).
        
        Start time between 15 and 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
        
        Start time greater than 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 3600 seconds (1 hour).
        
        AccountId (string) –
        
        The ID of the account where this metric is located. If you are performing this operation in a monitoring account, use this to specify which source account to retrieve this metric from.
    - MetricThreshold (float) –
      
      The value that the SLI metric is compared to.
    - ComparisonOperator (string) –
      
      The arithmetic operation used when comparing the specified metric to the threshold.
  - RequestBasedSli (dict) –
    
    A structure containing information about the performance metric that this SLO monitors, if this is a request-based SLO.
    - RequestBasedSliMetric (dict) –
      
      A structure that contains information about the metric that the SLO monitors.
      - KeyAttributes (dict) –
        
        This is a string-to-string map that contains information about the type of object that this SLO is related to. It can include the following fields.
        
        Type designates the type of object that this SLO is related to.
        
        ResourceType specifies the type of the resource. This field is used only when the value of the Type field is Resource or AWS::Resource.
        
        Name specifies the name of the object. This is used only if the value of the Type field is Service, RemoteService, or AWS::Service.
        
        Identifier identifies the resource objects of this resource. This is used only if the value of the Type field is Resource or AWS::Resource.
        
        Environment specifies the location where this object is hosted, or what it belongs to.
        
        (string) –
        
        (string) –
      - OperationName (string) –
        
        If the SLO monitors a specific operation of the service, this field displays that operation name.
      - MetricType (string) –
        
        If the SLO monitors either the LATENCY or AVAILABILITY metric that Application Signals collects, this field displays which of those metrics is used.
      - TotalRequestCountMetric (list) –
        
        This structure defines the metric that is used as the “total requests” number for a request-based SLO. The number observed for this metric is divided by the number of “good requests” or “bad requests” that is observed for the metric defined in MonitoredRequestCountMetric.
        
        (dict) –
        
        Use this structure to define a metric or metric math expression that you want to use as for a service level objective.
        
        Each MetricDataQuery in the MetricDataQueries array specifies either a metric to retrieve, or a metric math expression to be performed on retrieved metrics. A single MetricDataQueries array can include as many as 20 MetricDataQuery structures in the array. The 20 structures can include as many as 10 structures that contain a MetricStat parameter to retrieve a metric, and as many as 10 structures that contain the Expression parameter to perform a math expression. Of those Expression structures, exactly one must have true as the value for ReturnData. The result of this expression used for the SLO.
        
        For more information about metric math expressions, see CloudWatchUse metric math.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Id (string) –
        
        A short name used to tie this object to the results in the response. This Id must be unique within a MetricDataQueries array. If you are performing math expressions on this set of data, this name represents that data and can serve as a variable in the metric math expression. The valid characters are letters, numbers, and underscore. The first character must be a lowercase letter.
        
        MetricStat (dict) –
        
        A metric to be used directly for the SLO, or to be used in the math expression that will be used for the SLO.
        
        Within one MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Metric (dict) –
        
        The metric to use as the service level indicator, including the metric name, namespace, and dimensions.
        
        Namespace (string) –
        
        The namespace of the metric. For more information, see Namespaces.
        
        MetricName (string) –
        
        The name of the metric to use.
        
        Dimensions (list) –
        
        An array of one or more dimensions to use to define the metric that you want to use. For more information, see Dimensions.
        
        (dict) –
        
        A dimension is a name/value pair that is part of the identity of a metric. Because dimensions are part of the unique identifier for a metric, whenever you add a unique name/value pair to one of your metrics, you are creating a new variation of that metric. For example, many Amazon EC2 metrics publish InstanceId as a dimension name, and the actual instance ID as the value for that dimension.
        
        You can assign up to 30 dimensions to a metric.
        
        Name (string) –
        
        The name of the dimension. Dimension names must contain only ASCII characters, must include at least one non-whitespace character, and cannot start with a colon ( :). ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension names.
        
        Value (string) –
        
        The value of the dimension. Dimension values must contain only ASCII characters and must include at least one non-whitespace character. ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension values.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, to be used for the metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        Stat (string) –
        
        The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
        
        Unit (string) –
        
        If you omit Unit then all data that was collected with any unit is returned, along with the corresponding units that were specified when the data was reported to CloudWatch. If you specify a unit, the operation returns only data that was collected with that unit specified. If you specify a unit that does not match the data collected, the results of the operation are null. CloudWatch does not perform unit conversions.
        
        Expression (string) –
        
        This field can contain a metric math expression to be performed on the other metrics that you are retrieving within this MetricDataQueries structure.
        
        A math expression can use the Id of the other metrics or queries to refer to those metrics, and can also use the Id of other expressions to use the result of those expressions. For more information about metric math expressions, see Metric Math Syntax and Functions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Label (string) –
        
        A human-readable label for this metric or expression. This is especially useful if this is an expression, so that you know what the value represents. If the metric or expression is shown in a CloudWatch dashboard widget, the label is shown. If Label is omitted, CloudWatch generates a default.
        
        You can put dynamic expressions into a label, so that it is more descriptive. For more information, see Using Dynamic Labels.
        
        ReturnData (boolean) –
        
        Use this only if you are using a metric math expression for the SLO. Specify true for ReturnData for only the one expression result to use as the alarm. For all other metrics and expressions in the same CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, specify ReturnData as false.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, of the returned data points for this metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        If the StartTime parameter specifies a time stamp that is greater than 3 hours ago, you must specify the period as follows or no data points in that time range is returned:
        
        Start time between 3 hours and 15 days ago - Use a multiple of 60 seconds (1 minute).
        
        Start time between 15 and 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
        
        Start time greater than 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 3600 seconds (1 hour).
        
        AccountId (string) –
        
        The ID of the account where this metric is located. If you are performing this operation in a monitoring account, use this to specify which source account to retrieve this metric from.
      - MonitoredRequestCountMetric (dict) –
        
        This structure defines the metric that is used as the “good request” or “bad request” value for a request-based SLO. This value observed for the metric defined in TotalRequestCountMetric is divided by the number found for MonitoredRequestCountMetric to determine the percentage of successful requests that this SLO tracks.
        
        Note
        This is a Tagged Union structure. Only one of the following top level keys will be set: GoodCountMetric, BadCountMetric. If a client receives an unknown member it will set SDK_UNKNOWN_MEMBER as the top level key, which maps to the name or tag of the unknown member. The structure of SDK_UNKNOWN_MEMBER is as follows:
        
        'SDK_UNKNOWN_MEMBER': {'name': 'UnknownMemberName'}
        
        GoodCountMetric (list) –
        
        If you want to count “good requests” to determine the percentage of successful requests for this request-based SLO, specify the metric to use as “good requests” in this structure.
        
        (dict) –
        
        Use this structure to define a metric or metric math expression that you want to use as for a service level objective.
        
        Each MetricDataQuery in the MetricDataQueries array specifies either a metric to retrieve, or a metric math expression to be performed on retrieved metrics. A single MetricDataQueries array can include as many as 20 MetricDataQuery structures in the array. The 20 structures can include as many as 10 structures that contain a MetricStat parameter to retrieve a metric, and as many as 10 structures that contain the Expression parameter to perform a math expression. Of those Expression structures, exactly one must have true as the value for ReturnData. The result of this expression used for the SLO.
        
        For more information about metric math expressions, see CloudWatchUse metric math.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Id (string) –
        
        A short name used to tie this object to the results in the response. This Id must be unique within a MetricDataQueries array. If you are performing math expressions on this set of data, this name represents that data and can serve as a variable in the metric math expression. The valid characters are letters, numbers, and underscore. The first character must be a lowercase letter.
        
        MetricStat (dict) –
        
        A metric to be used directly for the SLO, or to be used in the math expression that will be used for the SLO.
        
        Within one MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Metric (dict) –
        
        The metric to use as the service level indicator, including the metric name, namespace, and dimensions.
        
        Namespace (string) –
        
        The namespace of the metric. For more information, see Namespaces.
        
        MetricName (string) –
        
        The name of the metric to use.
        
        Dimensions (list) –
        
        An array of one or more dimensions to use to define the metric that you want to use. For more information, see Dimensions.
        
        (dict) –
        
        A dimension is a name/value pair that is part of the identity of a metric. Because dimensions are part of the unique identifier for a metric, whenever you add a unique name/value pair to one of your metrics, you are creating a new variation of that metric. For example, many Amazon EC2 metrics publish InstanceId as a dimension name, and the actual instance ID as the value for that dimension.
        
        You can assign up to 30 dimensions to a metric.
        
        Name (string) –
        
        The name of the dimension. Dimension names must contain only ASCII characters, must include at least one non-whitespace character, and cannot start with a colon ( :). ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension names.
        
        Value (string) –
        
        The value of the dimension. Dimension values must contain only ASCII characters and must include at least one non-whitespace character. ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension values.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, to be used for the metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        Stat (string) –
        
        The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
        
        Unit (string) –
        
        If you omit Unit then all data that was collected with any unit is returned, along with the corresponding units that were specified when the data was reported to CloudWatch. If you specify a unit, the operation returns only data that was collected with that unit specified. If you specify a unit that does not match the data collected, the results of the operation are null. CloudWatch does not perform unit conversions.
        
        Expression (string) –
        
        This field can contain a metric math expression to be performed on the other metrics that you are retrieving within this MetricDataQueries structure.
        
        A math expression can use the Id of the other metrics or queries to refer to those metrics, and can also use the Id of other expressions to use the result of those expressions. For more information about metric math expressions, see Metric Math Syntax and Functions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Label (string) –
        
        A human-readable label for this metric or expression. This is especially useful if this is an expression, so that you know what the value represents. If the metric or expression is shown in a CloudWatch dashboard widget, the label is shown. If Label is omitted, CloudWatch generates a default.
        
        You can put dynamic expressions into a label, so that it is more descriptive. For more information, see Using Dynamic Labels.
        
        ReturnData (boolean) –
        
        Use this only if you are using a metric math expression for the SLO. Specify true for ReturnData for only the one expression result to use as the alarm. For all other metrics and expressions in the same CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, specify ReturnData as false.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, of the returned data points for this metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        If the StartTime parameter specifies a time stamp that is greater than 3 hours ago, you must specify the period as follows or no data points in that time range is returned:
        
        Start time between 3 hours and 15 days ago - Use a multiple of 60 seconds (1 minute).
        
        Start time between 15 and 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
        
        Start time greater than 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 3600 seconds (1 hour).
        
        AccountId (string) –
        
        The ID of the account where this metric is located. If you are performing this operation in a monitoring account, use this to specify which source account to retrieve this metric from.
        
        BadCountMetric (list) –
        
        If you want to count “bad requests” to determine the percentage of successful requests for this request-based SLO, specify the metric to use as “bad requests” in this structure.
        
        (dict) –
        
        Use this structure to define a metric or metric math expression that you want to use as for a service level objective.
        
        Each MetricDataQuery in the MetricDataQueries array specifies either a metric to retrieve, or a metric math expression to be performed on retrieved metrics. A single MetricDataQueries array can include as many as 20 MetricDataQuery structures in the array. The 20 structures can include as many as 10 structures that contain a MetricStat parameter to retrieve a metric, and as many as 10 structures that contain the Expression parameter to perform a math expression. Of those Expression structures, exactly one must have true as the value for ReturnData. The result of this expression used for the SLO.
        
        For more information about metric math expressions, see CloudWatchUse metric math.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Id (string) –
        
        A short name used to tie this object to the results in the response. This Id must be unique within a MetricDataQueries array. If you are performing math expressions on this set of data, this name represents that data and can serve as a variable in the metric math expression. The valid characters are letters, numbers, and underscore. The first character must be a lowercase letter.
        
        MetricStat (dict) –
        
        A metric to be used directly for the SLO, or to be used in the math expression that will be used for the SLO.
        
        Within one MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Metric (dict) –
        
        The metric to use as the service level indicator, including the metric name, namespace, and dimensions.
        
        Namespace (string) –
        
        The namespace of the metric. For more information, see Namespaces.
        
        MetricName (string) –
        
        The name of the metric to use.
        
        Dimensions (list) –
        
        An array of one or more dimensions to use to define the metric that you want to use. For more information, see Dimensions.
        
        (dict) –
        
        A dimension is a name/value pair that is part of the identity of a metric. Because dimensions are part of the unique identifier for a metric, whenever you add a unique name/value pair to one of your metrics, you are creating a new variation of that metric. For example, many Amazon EC2 metrics publish InstanceId as a dimension name, and the actual instance ID as the value for that dimension.
        
        You can assign up to 30 dimensions to a metric.
        
        Name (string) –
        
        The name of the dimension. Dimension names must contain only ASCII characters, must include at least one non-whitespace character, and cannot start with a colon ( :). ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension names.
        
        Value (string) –
        
        The value of the dimension. Dimension values must contain only ASCII characters and must include at least one non-whitespace character. ASCII control characters are not supported as part of dimension values.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, to be used for the metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        Stat (string) –
        
        The statistic to use for comparison to the threshold. It can be any CloudWatch statistic or extended statistic. For more information about statistics, see CloudWatch statistics definitions.
        
        Unit (string) –
        
        If you omit Unit then all data that was collected with any unit is returned, along with the corresponding units that were specified when the data was reported to CloudWatch. If you specify a unit, the operation returns only data that was collected with that unit specified. If you specify a unit that does not match the data collected, the results of the operation are null. CloudWatch does not perform unit conversions.
        
        Expression (string) –
        
        This field can contain a metric math expression to be performed on the other metrics that you are retrieving within this MetricDataQueries structure.
        
        A math expression can use the Id of the other metrics or queries to refer to those metrics, and can also use the Id of other expressions to use the result of those expressions. For more information about metric math expressions, see Metric Math Syntax and Functions in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide.
        
        Within each MetricDataQuery object, you must specify either Expression or MetricStat but not both.
        
        Label (string) –
        
        A human-readable label for this metric or expression. This is especially useful if this is an expression, so that you know what the value represents. If the metric or expression is shown in a CloudWatch dashboard widget, the label is shown. If Label is omitted, CloudWatch generates a default.
        
        You can put dynamic expressions into a label, so that it is more descriptive. For more information, see Using Dynamic Labels.
        
        ReturnData (boolean) –
        
        Use this only if you are using a metric math expression for the SLO. Specify true for ReturnData for only the one expression result to use as the alarm. For all other metrics and expressions in the same CreateServiceLevelObjective operation, specify ReturnData as false.
        
        Period (integer) –
        
        The granularity, in seconds, of the returned data points for this metric. For metrics with regular resolution, a period can be as short as one minute (60 seconds) and must be a multiple of 60. For high-resolution metrics that are collected at intervals of less than one minute, the period can be 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, or any multiple of 60. High-resolution metrics are those metrics stored by a PutMetricData call that includes a StorageResolution of 1 second.
        
        If the StartTime parameter specifies a time stamp that is greater than 3 hours ago, you must specify the period as follows or no data points in that time range is returned:
        
        Start time between 3 hours and 15 days ago - Use a multiple of 60 seconds (1 minute).
        
        Start time between 15 and 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
        
        Start time greater than 63 days ago - Use a multiple of 3600 seconds (1 hour).
        
        AccountId (string) –
        
        The ID of the account where this metric is located. If you are performing this operation in a monitoring account, use this to specify which source account to retrieve this metric from.
    - MetricThreshold (float) –
      
      This value is the threshold that the observed metric values of the SLI metric are compared to.
    - ComparisonOperator (string) –
      
      The arithmetic operation used when comparing the specified metric to the threshold.
  - EvaluationType (string) –
    
    Displays whether this is a period-based SLO or a request-based SLO.
  - Goal (dict) –
    
    This structure contains the attributes that determine the goal of an SLO. This includes the time period for evaluation and the attainment threshold.
    - Interval (dict) –
      
      The time period used to evaluate the SLO. It can be either a calendar interval or rolling interval.
      
      If you omit this parameter, a rolling interval of 7 days is used.
      Note
      This is a Tagged Union structure. Only one of the following top level keys will be set: RollingInterval, CalendarInterval. If a client receives an unknown member it will set SDK_UNKNOWN_MEMBER as the top level key, which maps to the name or tag of the unknown member. The structure of SDK_UNKNOWN_MEMBER is as follows:
      
      'SDK_UNKNOWN_MEMBER': {'name': 'UnknownMemberName'}
      - RollingInterval (dict) –
        
        If the interval is a rolling interval, this structure contains the interval specifications.
        
        DurationUnit (string) –
        
        Specifies the rolling interval unit.
        
        Duration (integer) –
        
        Specifies the duration of each rolling interval. For example, if Duration is 7 and DurationUnit is DAY, each rolling interval is seven days.
      - CalendarInterval (dict) –
        
        If the interval is a calendar interval, this structure contains the interval specifications.
        
        StartTime (datetime) –
        
        The date and time when you want the first interval to start. Be sure to choose a time that configures the intervals the way that you want. For example, if you want weekly intervals starting on Mondays at 6 a.m., be sure to specify a start time that is a Monday at 6 a.m.
        
        When used in a raw HTTP Query API, it is formatted as be epoch time in seconds. For example: 1698778057
        
        As soon as one calendar interval ends, another automatically begins.
        
        DurationUnit (string) –
        
        Specifies the calendar interval unit.
        
        Duration (integer) –
        
        Specifies the duration of each calendar interval. For example, if Duration is 1 and DurationUnit is MONTH, each interval is one month, aligned with the calendar.
    - AttainmentGoal (float) –
      
      The threshold that determines if the goal is being met.
      
      If this is a period-based SLO, the attainment goal is the percentage of good periods that meet the threshold requirements to the total periods within the interval. For example, an attainment goal of 99.9% means that within your interval, you are targeting 99.9% of the periods to be in healthy state.
      
      If this is a request-based SLO, the attainment goal is the percentage of requests that must be successful to meet the attainment goal.
      
      If you omit this parameter, 99 is used to represent 99% as the attainment goal.
    - WarningThreshold (float) –
      
      The percentage of remaining budget over total budget that you want to get warnings for. If you omit this parameter, the default of 50.0 is used.
  - BurnRateConfigurations (list) –
    
    Each object in this array defines the length of the look-back window used to calculate one burn rate metric for this SLO. The burn rate measures how fast the service is consuming the error budget, relative to the attainment goal of the SLO.
    - (dict) –
      
      This object defines the length of the look-back window used to calculate one burn rate metric for this SLO. The burn rate measures how fast the service is consuming the error budget, relative to the attainment goal of the SLO. A burn rate of exactly 1 indicates that the SLO goal will be met exactly.
      
      For example, if you specify 60 as the number of minutes in the look-back window, the burn rate is calculated as the following:
      
      burn rate = error rate over the look-back window / (1 - attainment goal percentage)
      
      For more information about burn rates, see Calculate burn rates.
      - LookBackWindowMinutes (integer) –
        
        The number of minutes to use as the look-back window.

Exceptions

CloudWatchApplicationSignals.Client.exceptions.ValidationException
CloudWatchApplicationSignals.Client.exceptions.ThrottlingException
CloudWatchApplicationSignals.Client.exceptions.AccessDeniedException
CloudWatchApplicationSignals.Client.exceptions.ServiceQuotaExceededException
CloudWatchApplicationSignals.Client.exceptions.ConflictException